{"id":308,"date":"2020-07-18T22:08:56","date_gmt":"2020-07-18T19:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/?page_id=308"},"modified":"2026-03-31T17:07:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T14:07:18","slug":"exom","status":"publish","type":"test","link":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/exom\/","title":{"rendered":"Exome sequencing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-row-with-tabs test__row\"><div class=\"test__col\"><section class=\"test__tabs\"><h2>What is exome sequencing?<\/h2><div class=\"inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tabs c-tabs\"><div class=\"c-tabs__nav\"><div class=\"tabs-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><div data-tab=\"1\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide current\" tabindex=\"0\">Exome<\/div><div data-tab=\"2\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide\" tabindex=\"0\">Indications<\/div><div data-tab=\"3\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide\" tabindex=\"0\">Features<\/div><div data-tab=\"4\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide\" tabindex=\"0\">How it works<\/div><div data-tab=\"5\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide\" tabindex=\"0\">Advantages<\/div><div data-tab=\"6\" class=\"tab-link swiper-slide\" tabindex=\"0\">Glossary<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tabs-arrow arrow-prev\">\u2190<\/div><div class=\"tabs-arrow arrow-next\">\u2192<\/div><div class=\"c-tabs__contents\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-1 current\">\n<p>Genetic information is an instruction for each cell in our body, which contains the mechanism for development and functioning. This information is stored in the form of DNA molecules, which are made up of four chemical compounds (bases) designated by the letters A, T, C and G (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-5\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom5_en.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"401\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom5_en.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-601\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-5\">\n<p class=\"is-style-purple has-14-font-size\">Changes in this sequence can distort important information, disrupting habitual cellular mechanisms and causing disease<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Consistently connected to one another, these bases serve as carriers of information that is received from parents and will be passed on to children, in a form that our cells can recognise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-main\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom7.1_en.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1112\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom7.1_en.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2448\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-aside\">\n<p class=\"has-12-font-size\">The human body is made up of cells and cells contain DNA. Genes provide information for the synthesis of all proteins in the body<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>All of a person's genetic information is their genome, and its complete record in the form of a DNA molecule is represented by a sequence of over 3.2 billion bases. But only 1% (30 million nucleotide pairs) of this sequence is in the exome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Exome<\/strong> is the part of the genome responsible for protein synthesis in the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-main\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom2_en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom2_en.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2335\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-purple has-14-font-size\">For clinical purposes, data from exome reading is sufficient in most cases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-aside\"><p><span class=\"factoid\"><span>85%<\/span>of all disease-related mutations are mutations in the exome<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-2\">\n<h3 class=\"is-style-24-b wp-block-heading\">Indications for the test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-main\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-genetics-list genetics-list has-16-font-size is-style-default\">\n<li>As a first-line test for the diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous diseases (when several genes are thought to be involved in a particular disease) and for refining the prognosis of the course of the disease, for example:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-genetics-list genetics-list has-16-font-size is-style-arrows\">\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">epilepsy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">autism spectrum disorders,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">neuropsychiatric disorders,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">connective tissue disorders,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">metabolic disorders,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">cardiomyopathy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">complex dysmorphism,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">immunological disorders,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-14-font-size\">blindness<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-aside\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-main\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-genetics-list genetics-list has-16-font-size is-style-default\">\n<li>In cases of developmental delay of undifferentiated genesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For children with multiple congenital anomalies, neuropsychiatric disorders and seizures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For a fetus with abnormalities detected by ultrasound when molecular analysis (CMA) and cytogenetic test have not given a definitive diagnosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When performing a comprehensive diagnosis in the postnatal period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-yellow\">The interpretation of exome sequencing results requires consultation with a geneticist regardless of the test result.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-aside\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-genetics-list genetics-list has-16-font-size is-style-default\"><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-3\">\n<h3 class=\"is-style-24-b wp-block-heading\">Features of the test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-20-font-size\">A combination of symptoms in some patients prevents the clinician from making an accurate diagnosis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In such cases, a stepwise diagnostic strategy is often chosen, making testing difficult, time-consuming and expensive. In addition, delayed diagnosis can have a significant impact on the patient's condition and quality of life.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-spoiler\"><div class=\"spoiler-title\">Read more about routine molecular testing of patients<\/div><div class=\"spoiler-content\">\n<p>Routine molecular testing of patients with genetic disorders often relies on the examination of a single gene or a panel (set) of genes.However, it is estimated that up to 50% of patients do not receive a diagnosis, and after such testing it can take several years to diagnose the disease and never lead to a positive result. <sup>1<\/sup> .<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-5\">\n<p>Whole Exome sequencing most often finds several variants that are rarely (or even never) seen in other patients. These variants are variants of unspecified clinical significance (VUS or VOUS). For these, we can only speculate about how 'harmful' they might be and treat them with particular caution. Most of these rare variants do not lead to the development of any disease.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-5\">\n<p class=\"is-style-purple translation-block\">Specific and detailed clinical information from the proband and relatives when performing exome sequencing is crucial in order to understand whether this variation could have caused the disease.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/bioinformaticheskij-analiz-dannyh-sekvenirovaniya\/\">Learn more about bioinformatics data analysis<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-4\">\n<h3 class=\"is-style-24-b wp-block-heading\">How exactly does exome sequencing work?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exome sequencing<\/strong> is a widely used next-generation sequencing (NGS) method in which certain parts of each gene are read which are considered most important for pathology recognition. These parts are called exons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-4\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom3_en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom3_en.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2328\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-6\">\n<p>These \u00abreads\u00bb contain large amounts of genetic sequence information, which would take hundreds of hours to analyse manually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Therefore, computer programmes are used to quickly identify changes in the DNA sequence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The huge list of variants detected is then 'interpreted' by comparing the results with databases that list variants known or suspected to be associated with genetic diseases. Interpretation, as well as sequencing, is a complex and time-consuming step in exome sequencing, as it involves the work of many specialists to determine the significance of each detected variant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-main\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom4_en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/exom4_en.svg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-aside\">\n<p>Exome sequencing process<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-5\">\n<h3 class=\"is-style-24-b wp-block-heading\">Exome sequencing advantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with panel targeted sequencing, initially a&nbsp;more focused genetic test based on&nbsp;a&nbsp;limited set of&nbsp;predefined genes, exome sequencing reads all the regions in&nbsp;the genome coding for a&nbsp;protein simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-spoiler\"><div class=\"spoiler-title\">Read more about panel sequencing<\/div><div class=\"spoiler-content\">\n<p>Panel sequencing is based on the analysis of a group of genes combined into multigene panels. This type of diagnosis focuses on a specific syndromic indication; random results are unlikely with this approach. Panels go out of use as new genes associated with the disease are discovered or atypical symptoms that overlap with the indication for a particular panel are identified.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There is&nbsp;also an&nbsp;abbreviated exome analysis, &rsquo;clinical exome&rsquo;, where only a&nbsp;portion of&nbsp;the coding sequences that are well studied for monogenic diseases is&nbsp;examined. Although this type of&nbsp;analysis is&nbsp;cheaper, the list of&nbsp;genes associated with the development of&nbsp;disease is&nbsp;constantly expanding, hence &rsquo;clinical exome&rsquo; is&nbsp;less informative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col col-4\">\n<p class=\"has-20-font-size\"><span class=\"has-color has-nmw-600-color\">Exome sequencing is a once in a lifetime examination<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col col-6\">\n<p>No re-examination is necessary because the data can be re-analysed by bioinformatic methods even years later in order to find new information on the cause of the disease. This is because publications on the identification of new disease-associated genes are growing exponentially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-purple\">It is important to note that it is not always possible to find the 'genetic cause' by whole exome sequencing. Therefore, genome sequencing may be indicated for a patient if no result is obtained.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-tab tab-content genetics-tab-6\">\n<dl class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary test__glossary\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>NGS, or next generation sequencing<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Next generation sequencing. The term means determining the nucleotide sequence (examining the primary structure) of DNA or RNA. The technology allows several sections of the genome to be 'read' at once. The size of a single fragment read varies from 25 to 500 base pairs.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Genome<\/dt><dd>\n<p>The totality of all the hereditary material contained within a cell of an organism.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Clinical exome<\/dt><dd>\n<p>The totality of all exome genes whose clinical association with disease is scientifically proven. It accounts for about a quarter of the total exome genes.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>CMA molecular analysis<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Molecular chromosome testing using a genetic microarray (CMA - CHROMOSOMAL MICROARRAY ANALYSIS), in which DNA is tested.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Monogenic diseases<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Diseases with a single gene mutation at the root of their etiology.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Panel sequencing<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Examination of the coding regions of genes whose mutations lead to specific groups of diseases (neurodegenerative diseases, connective tissue diseases, hereditary diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, kidneys, heart, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Proband<\/dt><dd>\n<p>The patient who is&nbsp;subjected to&nbsp;exome sequencing and whose pedigree is&nbsp;drawn&nbsp;up.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Genome sequencing<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Identification of the entire DNA sequence, including non-coding areas. Different from exome sequencing in this respect.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Cytogenetic test<\/dt><dd>\n<p>Karyotype analysis to determine chromosomal changes in cells. First of all, the number and structure of the chromosomes are assessed.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Exome<\/dt><dd>\n<p>The part of the genome responsible for protein synthesis in the body. The human exome corresponds to about 1% of the total genome, or&nbsp;30&nbsp;million base pairs. An exome is the sum total of all exons.<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-genetics-glossary-item\"><dt>Exon<\/dt><dd>\n<p>The part of a gene (DNA) that carries the genetic information that codes the synthesis of a gene product (protein).<\/p>\n<\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"is-style-24-b wp-block-heading\">Literature cited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-14-font-size\"><sup>1<\/sup>Shashi V, McConkie-Rosell A, Rosell B et al. The utility of the traditional medical genetics diagnostic evaluation in the context of next-generation sequencing for undiagnosed genetic disorders. Genet Med. 2014;16:176\u2013182<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\t<div class=\"test__aside\">\n\t\t<div class=\"test__links\" id=\"docs\"> \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><a class=\"doc-link\" href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/is-ekzom.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/themes\/genetics\/img\/icons\/pdf_purple.svg\" alt=\"\"><span>Informed consent <i>219 KB, PDF<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div> \n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"btn purple open-popup-link\" data-mfp-src=\"#ask-question-popup\">Ask a question<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"template":"","class_list":["post-308","test","type-test","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/exom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/exom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"First Genetics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-31T14:07:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/\",\"name\":\"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-18T19:08:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-31T14:07:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/vse-uslugi\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"C\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/\",\"name\":\"First Genetics\",\"description\":\"\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0441\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics","description":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/exom\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics","og_description":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.","og_url":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/exom\/","og_site_name":"First Genetics","article_modified_time":"2026-03-31T14:07:18+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/","url":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/","name":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 - First Genetics","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg","datePublished":"2020-07-18T19:08:56+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-31T14:07:18+00:00","description":"\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ekzom-dnk-4.svg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/exom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b","item":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/vse-uslugi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"C\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0430"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/","name":"First Genetics","description":"\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0441","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/test\/308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/test"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/test"}],"version-history":[{"count":279,"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/test\/308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15930,"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/test\/308\/revisions\/15930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/f-genetics.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}